SISTEMA SCADA

SCADA stands for Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is a computer software that allows you to control and monitor industrial processes remotely. Provides real-time feedback to the field devices (sensors and actuators), and controls the process automatically. Provides all the information generated in the production process (monitoring, quality control, production control, data storage, etc.) and allows management and intervention. 

Feedback, also called feedback or feedback is an organization, the process of sharing observations, concerns and suggestions, with the intention of gathering information, individually or collectively, to improve or modify various aspects of the functioning of an organization. The feedback has to be bidirectional so that continuous improvement possible in the hierarchical ladder, top-down and bottom up. 

In control theory, the feedback is a process by which a certain proportion of the output signal of a system is redirected back to the entrance. This is often used to control the dynamic behavior of the system. Examples of feedback can be found in most of the complexes, such as engineering, architecture, economics, sociology and systems biology. Arturo Rosenblueth, a Mexican researcher and physician whose 1943 seminar gave a presentation called "Behavior, Purpose and Teleology" ("Behavior, purpose and teleology"), according to Norbert Wiener, set the foundation for the new science of cybernetics and proposed controlled by negative feedback, behavior applied to an animal, to human beings or machines and was a key guiding principle in nature or human creations ..

PROTOCOLO DE COMUNICACION CAN

There are various communication systems and various protocols for each requirement of the network, but a type of communication that is becoming more important day is the CAN protocol, this system is built into many brands and will become compulsory as the communication protocol for the BOARD DIAGNOSTIC emission control ... 

CAN or CAN Bus, is short for Controller Area Network is a bus serial communications for control applications in real time, with a communication speed of up to 1 Mbit per second, and has excellent detection and fault isolation . That is, this is the best and most current technology in new vehicles. In fact, several vehicle manufacturers since 2003, including Toyota, Ford, Mazda, Mercedes Benz, BMW and others already have this system installed. Just as OBD 2 was mandatory for all vehicles since 1996, the CAN Bus system will be mandatory in all vehicles from 2008 

This system uses two cables in which two signals traveling exactly the same amplitude and frequency but completely reverse voltage modules in these two pulses identifies the message, but also has options to keep active network but fails one of the communication cables. 

For several years, automakers have only had the option to choose from four communication protocols: ISO 9141, J1850PWM, J1850VPW, KWP 2000 / ISO 14230-4. The CAN system gave automakers a new high speed, usually 50 to 100 times faster than typical communication protocols, and reduced the number of connections required for communications between systems. 

At the same time, provided the CAN diagnostic tools manufacturers a way to speed communications between the vehicle and the tool. The diagnosis is greatly benefited since most communication speed allowed in the future, through your scan tool, view data in near real time, as now view sensor data with their scanners. 

The CAN standard was added to the specifications of OBD 2 by the committee of the International Standards Organization (ISO) and is specified under ISO 11898 (Road Vehicles - Controller Area Network) and documents defined in ISO 15765 (systems vehicle diagnostics). The California Air Resources Board (CARB) accept these ISO standards because they contribute to fulfill its mission to regulate and reduce vehicle emissions. Since 2003, several automakers have already implemented the new standard in their vehicles, but CARB requires that by 2008, all models of vehicles sold in the United States must comply.

TABLA DE CODIGO ASCII

INTEL

Meanwhile, the 386 has an architecture of 32-bit registers with an address bus is also 32 bits (addresses up to 4 Gigabytes = 4096 Mb) and possible modes of operation: real mode (Windows 8086), the protected Mode (relatively compatible with the 286), a proprietary protected mode allows' At last - break the barrier of traditional segments and "virtual 86" mode, in which you can emulate the simultaneous operation of several 8086. again, all modes are incompatible and require a specific operating system: if you can forgive the loss of manufacturer support the advanced mode 286 versus 8086, due to logical technological evolution, you can not say same 386 compared to 286: it had not been necessary to add a new protected mode if it had been better constructed the 286 just a couple of years ago. Normally, the 386 typically operate in real mode (due to DOS) so multitasking and memory management capabilities are not exploited. Moreover, although you can use the 32-bit registers in real mode, this is not usually done-for compatibility with previous ones processors which input is throwing away 50% of the processing capacity of the chip, though fortunately these processors typically work at frequencies of 16-20 MHz (obsolete) and usually from 33 to 40 MHz. 

The 386sx is a variant of the 386 at the hardware level, but compatible software. Basically, it's a 386 with a data bus only 16 bits-more slowly, having to make two passes for 32 bits- data. In fact, it could have been perfectly designed to maintain compatibility with the 286 hardware, but probably prevented the manufacturer for commercial reasons. 

The 486 differs from the 386 in the integration on a single chip of 387 coprocessor has also improved the speed of operation: 25 MHz version doubles in real terms to a 386-25 MHz equipped with the same cache size. 486SX version no difference in the size of the bus, also of 32 bits, but in the absence of 387 (which may be added externally). 486 versions are also available with 16-bit buses, the first manufacturer of these chips, called 486SLC has been Cyrix. A trend started by the 486 was to double the speed of the internal clock (say 33 to 66 MHz) but in communications with external 33 MHz buses are respected This streamlines the implementation of longer instructions. Lowest DOS, the overall system performance can be considered practically double. DX2 are chips (also a variant at 50 MHz: 25 x 2). The culmination of this technology comes from the hand of a 75/100 MHz DX4 (25/33 x 3).

CARACTERISTICAS

El Arduino Mega es probablemente el microcontrolador más capaz de la familia Arduino. Posee 54 pines digitales que funcionan como entrada/salida; 16 entradas análogas, un cristal oscilador de 16 MHz, una conexión USB, un boton de reset y una entrada para la alimentación de la placa.

La comunicación entre la computadora y arduino se produce a través del puerto serie, sin embargo posee un convertidor usb-serie, por lo que sólo se necesita conectar el dispositivo a la computadora utilizando un cable USB como el que utilizan las impresoras.

qué es Raspberry Pi? En realidad, se trata de una diminuta placa base de 85 x 54 milímetros (un poco más grande que una cajetilla de tabaco) en el que se aloja un chip Broadcom BCM2835 con procesador ARM hasta a 1 GHz de velocidad, GPU VideoCore IV y hasta 512 Mbytes de memoria RAM. En cuanto a su precio, suele estar por debajo de los 40 euros, una de las razones que explica su popularidad. De hecho, a finales de 2013 se superaron ya las dos millones de unidades vendidas en todo el mundo.

intel Edison: Hemos visto tarjetas SD de todas las capacidades, e incluso algunas con conectividad WiFi integrada, pero Intel decidió llevar su capacidad de miniaturización a nuevos extremos con Edison, una plataforma de desarrollo que posee un procesador de 400 MHz, WiFi, Bluetooth y soporte Linux, todo bajo el mismo formatoque utilizan las tarjetas SD.

ALGORITMO DE PLUMAS

papiroflexia del pollito

THE TELEMATICS

Telematics, covering scientific and technological field of considerable breadth, encompassing the study, design, management and implementation of network and communications services for the transportation, storage and processing of any information (data, voice, video, etc.), including the analysis and design of switching systems and technologies. Telematics includes among other items the following functional levels: 

The user plane, where it is distributed and processed information services and end uses; 

The signaling and control plane, where it is distributed and process control information system itself and its interaction with users; 

The management plane, where it is distributed processes information and operating and system management and services, and their interaction with the network operators. 

Each of the planes is structured protocol entities called subsystems, which in turn is located by its functionality at various levels.